apostolicfathers02apos.pdf

يستخدم القارئ النص الأرشيفي المحفوظ عند توفره، ويعرض النص حسب ترتيب القراءة المتاح؛ وقد يختلف عن تنسيق الملف والصيغ والصور المضمنة. الاستماع يقرأ النص كما هو ولا يترجمه.

D 1 i 1 1 1 1 I 11 i l I 1 1 i l 1 l i I 1 1 I fe 1 1 II 1l APOSTOLIC FATHERS II Translated by KIRSOPP LAKE i i i i i i 1 I! *

.oo Complete list ofLoeb titles can be found at the end ojeach volume 1. THE SHEPHERD OF HERMAS A book of revelations or 'visions' and advice and a doctrine of repentance by a Christian 'prophet', mid-2nd century A.D. Follows the Epistle of Barnabas in the Codex Sinaiticus. 2. THE MARTYRDOM OF POLYCARP Epistle of the Church at Smyrna to the Philomelians. Describes the persecution at Smyrna, and the cruel death there of Polycarp. 3. EPISTLE TO DIOGNETUS An 'open* letter' on the ideal Christian life.

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THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB, LL.D. EDITED BY fT. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.D. fE. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. |W. H. D. ROUSE, LITT.D. L. A. POST, L.H.D. E. H.WARMINGTON, M.A., F.R.HIST.SOC. THE APOSTOLIC FATHERS II

THE APOSTOLIC FATHERS WITHAN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY KIRSOPP LAKE INTWO VOLUMES II THE SHEPHERD OF HERMAS THE MARTYRDOM OF POLYCARP THE EPISTLE TO DIOGNETUS CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD MCM L X V

First Printed 1913 Reprinted 1917, 1924, 1930, 1946, 1948, 1950, 1959, 1965. Reprinted in Great Britain by Photolithography by Bookprint Limited Kingswood and Crawley.

CONTENTS PAGE THE SHEPHERD OF HERMAS 1 THE MARTYRDOM OF POLYCARP 307 THE EPISTLE TO DIOGNETTTS 347 GENERAL INDEX , 383 REFERENCE INDEX 391

THE APOSTOLIC FATHERS THE SHEPHERD OF HERMAS

THE APOSTOLIC FATHERS THE SHEPHERD OF HERMAS THE Shepherd of Hermas is in form an apocalypse. It consists of a series of revelations made to Hermas by the Church, who appears in the form of a woman, first old, and afterwards younger ; by the shepherd, or angel of repentance ; and by the great angel, who is in charge of Christians. Each revelation is accom- panied by an explanation, and from these it can be seen that though the form of the book is apocalyptic and visionary, its object is practical and ethical. The main problem, which constantly recurs, is that of sin after baptism. In the circle towhich Hermas belonged the belief obtained that Christians afterbaptismwere capable of leading sinless lives, and that if they fell they could not again obtain forgiveness. Experience, however, had shown that in this case few indeed would be saved, and the message of Hermas was that for sin after baptism there was still the possi- bility of forgiveness for those who repented, though this repentance would not avail more than once. A great part of the book is taken up in developing the details of this doctrine of repentance, which is entrusted to an angel called the Shepherd, who gives his name to the book, and it is obvious that

THE SHEPHERD OF HERMAS we have here the beginning of the Catholic doctrine of penance. The Shepherd is divided into Visions (in the last of which the Shepherd appears), Commandments or Mandates, as they are more usually called, and Parables or Similitudes. It may roughly be said that inthe Visions the necessity forrepentance is enforced, in the Mandates the life required from the penitent is explained, and in the Similitude* the working and theological doctrine of repentance is developed. The date and provenance of the Shepherd is fixed by the list of canonical books in the Muratorian canon, which rejects the Shepherd of Hernias, though some accepted it as a canonical apocalypse, on the ground that it was written " quite recently, in our own time in the city of Rome, by Hennas, while his brother Pius was sitting on the throne of the church of the city of Rome." Pius was Pope about 148 A.D., so that the Shepherd must have been written in Rome at about that time. Many critics, however, think that it may have been written at intervals during the twenty or thirty years preceding this date, and that traces can be seen of varying dates in the three divisions of the book. This question, which can probably never be decided satisfactorily, and in any'case depends on the consideration of a mass of details which cannot be discussed shortly, may best be studied in Harnack's Chronologic and in Zahn's Der Hirt des Hennas. The authorities for the text of the Shepherd are as follows : fc$, Codex Sinaiticus, containing Vis. I. i. 1. to Mandate IV. iii. 6. written in the fourth century, probably in Alexandria or the neighbourhood.

THE APOSTOLIC FATHERS A, Codex Athous, a MS of the fifteenth century, originally containing ten leaves, of which six are still in the convent of S. Gregory on Mt. Athos, three are at Leipsic, and one, the last, has been lost. The text of this MS was copied on Mt. Athos by the celebrated forger Simonides, who brought back with him the three leaves now at Leipsic, and later on was collated rather hastily by Georgandas, but it is very difficult to read, and both the copy of Simonides and the collation of Georgandas are very inaccurate. A photographic reproduction and trans- cript of the Athos fragment have recently been published at the Clarendon Press. H, a small fragment of vellum MS, containing Sim. IV. 6-7 and V. 1-5, now in Hamburg, published in the Sitzungsberichten d. Berliner Akademie, 1909, pp. 1077 ff. Fragments of the text have also been found in the following papyri quoted as Pam , Pox , etc. : Amherst papyri, CXC. containing Vis. I. 1, 2-3, 1 ; III. 12, 3 and 13, 3-4. Mand. XII. 1, 1 and 1, 3. Sim. IX. 2, 1-2 and 4-5. IX. 12, 2-3 and 5 ; IX. 17, 1 and 3 ; IX. 30, 1-2 and 3-4. Published by Grenfell and Hunt in Amherst Papyri, ii. Oxyrh. No. 404, containing Sim. X. 3, 2-5. Published by Grenfell and Hunt in Oxyryn- chus Papyri, iii. Oxyrh. Pap. 1172, containing Sim. II. 4-10. Published by Hunt in Oxyrynchus Papyri, ix. Berlin Pap, 5513, containing Sim. II. 7-10 and Sim. IV. 2-5. Published in Berliner Klassiker Texte, vi.

THE SHEPHERD OF HERMAS Berlin Pap. 6789, containing Sim. VIII. 1, 1-12. Published in Berliner Klassiker Texte, vL Besides these Greek MSS and fragments, there are three extant versions. Lp the Vulgate version found in many MSS., published in the Editio Princeps of Faber, Paris, 1513. L2, the Palatine version found in Cod. Vat. Palatin. 150, and published in the Patrum Apostoli- corum Opera ofvon Gebhardt, Harnack and Zahn. L, without qualification, is used for the consensus of Lj and L2 . E, an Ethiopic translation found by d'Abbadie and published in the Abhandl. d. deutschen morgenland. Gesellsch. Bd. II. Nr. 1. C, a few fragments of a Sahidic Coptic version have also been found in Papyri now in the Bib. Nat. at Paris and in the library of the Louvre, and have been published in the Sitzungsberichien d. Berlin Akad., 1903, pp. 261 ff, in the Revue de I'Orient Chretien, 1905, pp. 424 ff, and in the Z. f. Aeg. Spr. und Altertumskunde 1910, pp. 137 ff. Some evidence is also given by the numerous citations in Clement of Alexandria, pseudo-Athanasius, and Antiochus of Palestine, quoted as Clem., Athan., and Ant. The text of Hernias is probably far from good : the evidence of the papyri shows that neither ^ norA is completely trustworthy, and it is unfortunate that for so large a part of the bookA is the only continuous Greek text. The evidence of LE and the Patristic quotations, though often valuable, is too free to be used with confidence.

\ nOIMHN 'O Operas fie TreTrpaKev fj,e 'PdBy rivl 1 els /juera 7ro\\d err) ravrrjv dveyvcopiadfjLrjv Kal rjpgd/JL'rjv avTrjv dycnrav &>9 doe\<$>r)V. 2. //.era Tiva \ovo/j,evi)v els TOV Trorafiov rbv elBov Kal eTreScotca avrfj rrjv %et/oa fcai avrrjv ex TOV Trora/juov. ravrrjs ovv TO /caXXo? St,\oyi%6/j,ijv ev rr) tcapSia Ma/ca/o^o9 ^^v, el roiavTrjv ry KaK\eL KOI ra> rpoTrw. (JLOVOV rovro e/3ov\vcrd[jir)v) erepov 8e ovBe ev. 3. yuera nva TTOpevofjievov pov et? Kcoyua? 2 Kal ra? KTL&eis rov Oeov, ft)? /j.6yd\ai Kal Kal BvvaTai elacv, TreptTraTWV ufyvTrvwcra. Kal Trvevfjid /AC e\a/3ev Kal dTnjveyKe //,e 01 dvooias TIVOS, ^i' 779 av6pwTro<; OVK eBvvaTO oBevcrar rjv Be o T07TO9 Kpr)fjLva>Br]<; Kal aTreppriyws drro TWV A. nva. AL1} omitting the mention of her name 2 Kwfj.as X AE, civitatem Ostiorum L, the editors emend to Kou/ms (Cumae). It is probable that Cumae is the meaning of the text, but it is not impossible the spelling KU/JLOS is original. The alternative is that iropfvopfvov fls Ktt>,uas means the same as the modern Italian " Villeggiatura " (summer holiday in the country). 6

THE SHEPHERD VISION 1 I ITermas and 1. HE who brought me up sold me to a certain iihoda Rhoda at Rome. After many years I made her acquaintance again, and began to love her as a sister. 1 2. After some time I saw her bathing in the river Tiber, and gave her my hand and helped her out of the river. When I saw her beauty I reflected in my heart and said : " I should be happy if I had a wife of such beauty and character." This was my only thought, and no other, no, not one. 3. After some time, while I was Hernias going to Cumae, and glorifying the creation of God, for its greatness and splendour and might, as I walked along I became sleepy. And a spirit seized me and took me away through a certain pathless district, through which a man could not walk, but the ground was precipitous and broken up by the 1 As it stands this is hardly intelligible : presumably the meaning is that Hernias was born a slave, and that his owner sold him to Rhoda. It is implied that he then passed out of her possession, and later on made her acquaintance again. The alternative is that avsyvwpiffa.fj.'qv merely means " came to know her properly." 7

THE APOSTOLIC FATHERS vBdrwv. Biaftds ovv rov rrorapov eicelvov f)\dov et? ra ofjia\a /cal rt,6& rd yovara ical fjptjdfjirjv Trpocrev^ecrOaL r<p tcvpiw /cat egofioXoyeicrdat JJLOV r9 d/jLapria?. 4. Trpo^ev^ofJievov Be fj,ov rjvoLyrj 6 ovpavos, /cal /3Xe7ro> rrjv yvval/ca erceivrjv, r)v erceOvfJL'rjcra, dcnra^ofJLevrjv fie ex TOV ovpavov, \eyovcrav 'Eippa valpe. 5. /SXevIra? Be et? avrrjvv/ > * fT I f \ * f 5> \ \eyci) avrrj' &vpia, n <rv (Doe Trotet?; 77 6e aTre- pot,' 'A.V\rffJ.<{>Or)v, iva crov ra? dfj-apria? TT/OO? rov /cvpiov. 6. \6yco avrfj' Nvv crv fj>ov e'Xey^o? el; Qv, <f>r)<riv, d\\d afCoVvov TO, PS. 2, 4 ; prjfjiara, a crot /ieXXa) \eyew. 6 6ebs 6 ev rot? 123. 1 : \/ > \v ovpavois Karoitcwv KCLI /crto-a? e/c rov fj,rj Gen. 1, 28 ; TO, OVTCL KOL 7T\r}0VVaS KOI aU^tra? CV6KCV Ti}? 28^et^'. 1 dyia^ c/ctcXycrias avrov opyi^erai <TOL, ori rif e/xe. 7. aTroKpiOels avrij Xlyw Et? ere TOV; Trotft) roTTG) x T) TTore trot alcT^pbv \.d\r]cra ; ov iravrore ere a>? ^eai^ 2 r)<yrjo-d/J,r)v ; ov Trdvrore <re everpdTrrjv a>9 dS\<j>ijv ; ri /JLOV Kara- fyev&j), a> yvvai, rd Trovrjpd ravra /cal dfcd0apra; 8. ye\dcracrd /JLOL \eyei- 'ETrl TT)I/ /capftiav crov dveftrj r) 7Ti0v/j,ia TT)<? Trovrjpias. rj ov Bo/cel crot dvBpl 8i/cai(p Trovrjpbv 'rrpay^a elvai, edv dvaftrj avrov errl rrjv /capSiav rj Trovrjpd emOvfjiia; dfiapria ye e<mv, KOI fjiyd\rj, cfrrjcriv. 6 ydp Si/caio? dvrjp Bi/caia /3ov\Vrat,. ev ru> ovv Bi/cata /3ov\Vo~6ai avrov /caropOojrai f) Boga avrov ev rot? ovpavois /cal v/card\\a/crov e^et rov Kvpiov ev Travrl Trpdyfjiari avrov' ol Be Trovrjpd ^ov\evo^evoi ev rat? KapBiais avrwv Odvarov ical at^/xaXa>7la/JLOV eavrols 7no~7T(ovrai, i^uXiara ol rov alwva rovrov H, rp6ircf XcALa(E). 3 6vyartpaA, dominam E.

THE SHEPHERD, vis. i. i. 3-8 streams of water. So I crossed that river, and came to

تُعرض الأصوات المحلية المثبتة على جهازك فقط. إذا لم يظهر صوت عربي، أضفه من إعدادات الجهاز.